Animal ethics: a critical approach to the Ethics of Qajar period travel writers, The case of animal slaughter

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy and Theology, Religions and Mysticism. Faculty of Theology and Religions. Shahid Beheshti University . Tehran .Iran

2 PhD student of Islamic ethics, University of Quran and Hadith, Tehran. Iran.

Abstract

The Qajar period is one of the most important periods in Iran's contemporary history and the peak of the presence of Europeans in Iran. During this period, European travel writers visited Iran as personal journey and sometimes as delegations from European superpowers. These people have included tourists, doctors, political and economic figures and even religious missionaries. In their reports, travel writers have pointed out the violation of animal rights, for example, they have quoted reports of animal slaughter during Muharram and Eids and considered this deprivation of life as one of the cases of violation of animal right  .This research aims to answer the question, is this accusation and  misunderstanding of travel writers of animal rights violation true? This hypothesis is followed that the travel writers, first of all, have expressed these reports with bad intentions. Secondly, due to the intertwining of jurisprudence, theology and  ethics in the Islamic tradition, it is not possible to create a clear boundary between moral and theological arguments in the case of animal slaughter, and on the other hand, Islam allows humans to use animals, but it has established rights and manners for animals. It is obligatory for everyone to observe it. The method of writing this article; Descriptive, based on the reports of Qajar period travel writers, and then analytical method, based on Islamic principles, in response to the misconceptions of travel writers. This article considers it important to remove this doubt and the accusation of the European travel writers against the Muslim Iranians of the Qajar period.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

اخلاق حیوانات: رویکردی انتقادی به اخلاق پژوهی سفرنامه نویسان دوره قاجار در مورد ذبح حیوانات

Authors [Persian]

  • مریم خوشدل روحانی 1
  • علی بلوردی 2
1 استادیار گروه فلسفه و کلام، ادیان و عرفان. دانشکده الهیات و ادیان. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. تهران، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه قرآن و حدیث
Abstract [Persian]

دوره قاجار از مهم‌ترین دوره‌های تاریخ معاصر ایران و اوج حضور اروپاییان در ایران است. در این دوره سفرنامه‌نویسان اروپایی به‌صورت سیاحت شخصی و گاه به‌صورت هیئت‌های اعزامی از سوی ابرقدرت‌های اروپایی در ایران حضور پیدا می‌کردند. این افراد شامل سیاحان، پزشکان، شخصیت‌های سیاسی و اقتصادی و حتی میسیونرهای مذهبی بوده‌اند، سفرنامه‌نویسان هر کدام باانگیزه و بینشی خاص، بنا بر روحیه و جنبه فرهنگی و اجتماعی خود و درحالی‌که فرهنگ سرزمین خود را به همراه دارند به بررسی وضعیت طبیعی جغرافیایی تاریخی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و فرهنگی محل سفر خود می‌پردازند، سفرنامه‌نویسان در گزارش‌های خود بر تضییع حقوق حیوانات اشاره کرده‌اند، برای نمونه گزارشاتی از ذبح حیوانات در ایام محرم و اعیاد نقل کرده و این سلب حیات را یکی از موارد تضییع حقوق حیوانات دانسته‌اند. این پژوهش در صدد پاسخ‌گویی به این سؤال است که آیا این اتهام و سوءبرداشت سفرنامه‌نویسان از تضییع حقوق حیوانات درست است؟ این فرضیه دنبال می‌شود که سفرنامه‌نویسان، اولا با اهدا ف و اغراض سوء این گزارشات را بیان کرده اند. ثانیا به دلیل درهم‌تنیدگی فقه و کلام و اخلاق در سنت اسلامی ایجاد مرز مشخص بین ادله اخلاقی و کلامی در مرضوع ذبح حیوانات امکان‌پذیر نیست و از طرفی هم اسلام، انسان را مجاز به استفاده از حیوانات می داند، ولی برای حیوانات حقوق و آداب اخلاقی قرار داده است که رعایت آن بر همگان واجب است. روش نگارش این نوشتار؛ توصیفی، بر اساس گزارش‌های سفرنامه‌نویسان دوران قاجار و سپس از روش تحل

Keywords [Persian]

  • کلیدواژگان: سفرنامه‌نویسان
  • دوره قاجار
  • حقوق حیوانات
  • اخلاق اسلامی
  • رویکرد اسلامی

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History

  • Receive Date: 19 May 2023
  • Revise Date: 09 June 2023
  • Accept Date: 19 June 2023

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