Ethical Reflections

Ethical Reflections

Reconsidering Moral Realism and Unrealism in Light of Cognitive Neuroscience Findings: Richard Joyce’s Perspective

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Ph.D Student in Ethics, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2 Associate professor, Department of Ethics, Qom University, Qom, Iran
Abstract
The conflict between realism and non-realism was and is one of the most important fundamental issues of metaethics. In the meantime, rationalism has been introduced as the full representative of realism and emotionalism as the main symbol of unrealism. One of the new fields that can play a role in this controversy is neuroscience, which by empirically examining the function of reason and emotion in the process of moral judgment and action, may enter the field for or against each of these two. Richard Joyce is the one who tried to show that these findings neither support sentimentalism nor seriously harm rationalism. He answers the critics' attacks by examining the types of rationalism. Meanwhile, the discussions of Jonathan Hyde and Joshua Green as defenders of emotionalism and as a result of non-realism under the findings of cognitive neuroscience on the one hand and Joyce's analysis of the possibility of adhering to realism from the path of rationalism, on the other hand, provide a new approach to express a constructionist view of realism which is coincidentally in line with the views of Muslim philosophers (or at least some of them).
Keywords

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Article Title Persian

بازخوانی واقع‌گرایی و ناواقع‌گرایی در پرتو یافته‌های علوم اعصاب شناختی از منظر ریچارد جویس

Authors Persian

حسین عبادتی 1
سید احمد فاضلی 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه اخلاق، قم، ایران
Abstract Persian

مناقشه واقع‌گرایی و ناواقع‌گرایی یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل اساسی فرااخلاق بوده و هست. در این میان عقل‌گرایی به عنوان نماینده تمام‌قد واقع‌گرایی و احساس‌گرایی به عنوان نماد اصلی ناواقع‌گرایی معرفی شده‌اند. یکی از عرصه‌های نوین که در این مناقشه می‌تواند نقش ایفا کند علوم اعصاب سناختی است که با بررسی تجربی کارکرد عقل و احساس در جریان قضاوت و عمل اخلاقی، ممکن است به نفع یا بر ضد هریک از این دو وارد میدان شود. ریچارد جویس کسی است که تلاش کرده نشان دهد این یافته‌ها نه از احساس‌گرایی حمایت کرده و نه به عقل‌گرایی خدشه جدی وارد می‌کند. او با بررسی انواع عقل‌گرایی، به حملات منتقدان پاسخ می‌دهد. در این میان مباحث جاناتان هاید و جاشوا گرین به عنوان مدافعان احساس‌گرایی و در نتیجه ناواقع‌گرایی  تحت یافته‌های علوم اعصاب شناختی  از یک سو و تحلیل‌های جویس از امکان پایبند ماندن به واقع‌گرایی از مسیر عقل‌گرایی باب جدیدی را برای ابراز روایتی برساخت‌گرایانه از واقع‌گرایی می‌دهد که اتفاقا با دیدگاه فیلسوفان مسلمان (یا حداقل برخی از آنان) بسیار سازگار است.

Keywords Persian

عقل‌گرایی
ریچارد جویس
علوم اعصاب
واقع‌گرایی
احساس‌گرایی
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  • Receive Date 09 July 2024
  • Revise Date 19 January 2025
  • Accept Date 17 March 2025